Nibble 6 - Pikachu


References and Further info
When it comes to stuff from fictional universes, I find fan-generated wikis the most informed sources. Fans care for accuracy and do their research. Research most people can't bother to do, like watching every episode of an anime with a magnifying glass. You may also note that some of my references are stories from fanfiction.net. They are here for the same reasons.

Also, back in 2016 I wrote this blog post about why Pikachu became famous.

“There are no doubts about it; Pikachu is famous. As one of the most widely distributed electric types in the world and with fame both in and out of battle along with its adorably cute looks Pikachu is beloved amongst the entire world.” – from A Zoological Guide to Pokémon by Super-mega-punch

Creators

Satoshi Tajiri was a avid bug collector as a child, before getting into video games. In 1981 he began writing and publishing a fanzine, called Game Freak.

Ken Sugimori joined Game Freak as an illustrator. They (and Junichi Masuda) turned the magazine into a game developer after pitching an idea to Namco in 1989. This game became Mendel Palace.

In 1990 Satoshi saw two GameBoys connected to a link cable and imagined bugs crawling along it. This jogged his old bug collecting passion, leading to the games that’ll become Pokémon.

Atsuko Nishida was working with Ken on Pulseman before both worked on Pokémon.

Koji Nishino was game planner for Game Freak. He was data designer for the first Pokémon games, which included field maps and the strength and appearance rate of pokémon.

 

Inspiration/Conception

Ken initially designed pokémon tough-looking. Then, dev team members commented that they wanted to see more cuter creatures. He decided to get a female perspective and asked Atsuko to design some. She was asked to make “an electric-type” and “a monster with two evolutions.” That’s it.

Her design began as “a daifuku [a rice cake filled with sweet filling] with ears sticking out of it.” When she came up with the name “Pikachu” the suggestion to make it an electric mouse came from Satoshi. Atsuko was in to squirrels at the time, leading to the idea of Pikachu’s charge-storing cheeks and lightning bolt tail. Koji Nishino refined the design.

 

Introduced to our world

Players first encountered Pikachu in Viridian Forest in Pokémon Red and Green, released in Japan on 27th February 1996. TV viewers first saw Pikachu on the first episode of the Pokémon anime, premiered on Tokyo TV 1st April 1997.

 

“Both the game and anime shared influences, and Pikachu further evolved. At first its body type was more plump, but its neck was made more defined and its back was made longer. From there the design on the game production side also changed. And that’s how we got the Pikachu you know today.” - Ken Sugimori

 

The average Pikachu is 40cm high and weighs 6kg.

 

Atsuko added the stripes on Pikachu’s back because “it’s back was lonely without anything on it” while facing back from the player when battling.

 

The Pikachu has yellow fur which serves as a warning to predators. Many Pikachu can build a lot of static charge in their fur, in the form of the ability Static. Ken decided on the yellow colour, because of its association with electricity.

 

The tail features nerve tissue that serves as a grounding rod for electricity. It can also function as a lightning rod and a sensor for electrical activity.

 

Female Pikachus have an indent on the tip of their tail, forming a heart shape. Males don’t.

 

Pikachus are quadrupedal, but can walk on their hind legs if needed, such as when scouting or holding something.

 

Making electricity

The Pikachu family features a pair of cell structures in their cheeks that produces and store electric charge. Been land animals, the Pikachu has to produce a lot of power to create electric arcs that can travel across air to hit their target. According to Wildgun-Edge (on Deviant Art’s Attempting To Calculate Pikachu's Stats (2014)) an average Pikachu’s can discharge up to 150,000 volts. But volts are harmless, unless it pushes a high amount of current. According to the calculations of fanfiction writer DarkV (in A Deductive Dissertation on the Nature of Pikachu (2002)) a Pikachu’s Thunder attack has an output of 200 milliamps – which can be lethal.

 

“Sparkle-squeak”

Atsuko has said this about naming Pikachu - “I named it without giving it much thought, but since it was an electric type, I threw in a “Pika” [from Japanese onomatopoeia “Pika-Pika” meaning to glitter, sparkle, or shine]. I didn’t have a mouse in mind for the “-chu” [a Japanese mouse noise like “squeak”] part, and I actually don’t remember the reason… but anyway, the name “Pikachu” came first, and from there it was made into a mouse.”

 

Life of a Pikachu

Pikachu can be mostly found in dense forest, but have been observed hanging out in sheltered gardens and power stations. They are omnivores, but they mostly eat berries in the wild, due to their electrolyte content. They rarely eat meat, due to their disadvantaged body if made to hunt. A Pikachu is able to mate from their second year of life and can live up to 20 years in the wild, if their lucky.

 

Social animals

Pikachus are intellect creatures that can live in tight communities of up to 30 individuals, where they could groom and raise pichus collectively. These groups can develop their own rituals and customs, as well as collaborate when threatened. Although they prefer to flee, when a danger can’t be avoided a group of pikachu can even kill the largest of predators.

 

A lot of Pikachu communication is based on tail touching, cheek rubbing and sending sparks to each other, as well as vocal and visual cues.

 

Pichu

The Pikachu begins their life as a Pichu. Commonly born in litters of 2-4, Pichus are helpless and prone to self-electrocution, needing help from parents to absorb uncontrollable discharge. After about two weeks the Pichu can walk, play and imitate their parents to learn. They are naturally curious, leading to many situations, which has led some to death, sadly. By the time their electrical system control is matured, they evolve into a Pikachu.


Raichu

When exposed to a thunderstone, a Pikachu evolves into a Raichu. The Raichu is a bigger beast, able to produce more electricity than a Pikachu. So much so they exude a weak electric charge all over their body, making them glow slightly in the dark. They are rare in the wild.

 

“Rai” comes from the Japanese word for thunder. “Goro” comes from “Goro-Goro,” the Japanese onomatopoeia for rumbling usually used in the context of thunder, leading to the rejected Gorochu.

 

“It was “Pika(chu),” “Rai(chu),” and “Goro(chu).” The Pokémon known as Gorochu bared fangs and even had a pair of horns.” - Atsuko Nishida

“There wasn’t any problem with its appearances, but it was omitted due to matters surrounding game balance.” – Ken Sugimori

 

 

“Hodad” the Alolan form

In Alola, Raichu evolve into a different form than most Raichu in the world. Not only their a different colour and different shaped ears, Alolan Raichu can also collect physic energy in their tails, which allow them to float, like a surfer on a board. Their cheeks can also produce a sweet smell as well as store charge. Some believe that this form of Raichu comes about due to a more sugar-rich diet.

 

World icon

“When the number of Pokémon started coming together, we needed to shake things up. That’s when I printed out the pixel-art and had a popularity contest in the company asking “which one do you like?” And Pikachu was by far the most popular.

….

Even before the animated series started, products developed at the time almost always included Pikachu. Since I knew Pikachu was being featured, I really felt how popular Pikachu was.” - Ken Sugimori

Kunihiko Yuyama (director of the Pokémon anime) decided to make Ash Ketchum’s first pokémon Pikachu, instead of one of the starters. It would have caused an “us and them” situation among players. When Pokémon was introduced to foreign markets, many of the creatures names were changed – except Pikachu’s. So, no matter where in the world the anime aired viewers heard Ikue Otani’s “pika.”

In the early times of the Pokémon franchise, Clefairy had an equal star billing. Clefairy and Pikachu were the star pokémon in the Pocket Monsters manga series, first published in CoroCoro Comic in November 1996. “Clefairy was the result of my attempt at creating a “cute Pokémon.” However, Pikachu managed to impressively take away the popularity and left Clefairy in the shade.” - Ken Sugimori

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